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      <title>Surrogate Endpoints: When a Trial Measures a Stand-In Instead of the Outcome You Care About</title>
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      <description><![CDATA[Why trials measure stand-ins instead of outcomes you feel, when surrogates fail — CAST, torcetrapib — and how to spot the trick.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 02 Aug 2026 04:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <dc:creator>Tobias Lange</dc:creator>
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      <title>“50% Higher Risk”: Relative vs Absolute Risk in Health News</title>
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      <description><![CDATA[Why 50% higher risk can mean 1 extra case per 500. Relative risk, absolute risk, NNT and natural frequencies — a one-minute conversion.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 11 Jul 2026 04:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <dc:creator>Tobias Lange</dc:creator>
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      <title>FDA Approval vs 510(k) Clearance: Two Words That Sound Alike and Mean Different Things</title>
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      <description><![CDATA[Approval means clinical data; 510(k) clearance means similarity to a predicate. How the pathways differ and how to verify any product.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 18 Jun 2026 04:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <dc:creator>Tobias Lange</dc:creator>
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      <title>How to Read a Meta-Analysis: What Pooling Studies Can and Cannot Fix</title>
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      <description><![CDATA[Pooling inherits the flaws beneath the evidence pyramid: heterogeneity, publication bias, forest plots and a ten-minute method.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 26 May 2026 04:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <dc:creator>Tobias Lange</dc:creator>
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      <title>Linked to Lower Risk: How to Read an Observational Study Before It Becomes a Headline</title>
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      <description><![CDATA[What linked-to-lower-risk headlines can and cannot claim: confounding, reverse causation, effect sizes and the beta-carotene lesson.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 04 May 2026 04:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <dc:creator>Tobias Lange</dc:creator>
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      <title>Who Paid for the Study? How to Read Funding and Conflict-of-Interest Disclosures</title>
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      <description><![CDATA[How industry funding biases research — and how to read a paper's funding and conflict-of-interest disclosures in five minutes.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 11 Apr 2026 04:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <dc:creator>Tobias Lange</dc:creator>
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      <title>Retractions: How Scientific Papers Die and How to Check Before You Share</title>
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      <description><![CDATA[Why journals retract papers, how the process works, why retracted studies keep circulating, and a two-minute database check.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 19 Mar 2026 04:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <dc:creator>Tobias Lange</dc:creator>
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      <title>Cohort Study or Randomized Trial? Why the Design Behind a Finding Changes the Claim</title>
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      <description><![CDATA[Why design decides what a study can claim: randomization, cohorts, the hormone-therapy reversal, and a one-minute reading method.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 25 Feb 2026 05:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <dc:creator>Tobias Lange</dc:creator>
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      <title>What a p-Value Can and Cannot Tell You About a Health Headline</title>
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      <description><![CDATA[What a p-value actually measures, why 0.05 is not a truth line, how p-hacking manufactures headlines, and what to read instead.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Mon, 02 Feb 2026 05:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <dc:creator>Tobias Lange</dc:creator>
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      <title>Preprint vs Peer-Reviewed: What the Study Behind a Headline Actually Is</title>
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      <description><![CDATA[Many viral health headlines cite unreviewed preprints. How to check a study's publishing status in two minutes and weight the claim.]]></description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 10 Jan 2026 05:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <dc:creator>Tobias Lange</dc:creator>
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